Turkish Tax and Accounting System – A Practical Q&A Guide for Foreign Companies (2026)
Understanding Turkey’s accounting and tax framework requires more than knowing headline tax rates. The system combines statutory accounting rules, tax-driven measurement principles, and regulatory filing obligations that materially affect financial reporting, cash flow, and compliance risk.
This guide addresses the most frequently asked technical questions we receive from foreign-owned companies, regional headquarters, and cross-border groups entering or operating in Turkey.
1. Accounting Standards in Turkey
Which accounting standards apply in practice (IFRS, TFRS, BOBİ FRS)?
Turkey operates a multi-tier accounting standards system, where the applicable framework depends primarily on public interest status, company size, and regulatory oversight.
Applicable frameworks
| Company Type | Applicable Standards |
| Listed companies, banks, insurance companies, financial institutions | TFRS (Turkish Financial Reporting Standards – fully aligned with IFRS) |
| Large and medium-sized non-public companies | BOBİ FRS |
| Small entities not subject to audit | Local statutory accounting rules under the Tax Procedure Law |
Key points:
TFRS = IFRS in substance, with Turkish translations and implementation guidance.
BOBİ FRS is a simplified accrual-based framework but still materially more robust than pure tax accounting.
Companies subject to independent statutory audit generally fall under either TFRS or BOBİ FRS.
Sector impact:
Financial services, capital markets, insurance, and payment institutions are almost always required to apply TFRS regardless of size.
2. Chart of Accounts
Yes. The Turkish Uniform Chart of Accounts (Tekdüzen Hesap Planı) is mandatory for statutory bookkeeping and tax reporting.
Practical flexibility
Companies may open sub-accounts freely under mandatory account codes.
Management reporting, IFRS consolidation packs, and group reporting may use parallel mappings.
ERP systems typically maintain dual structures: statutory chart + group reporting structure.
Key differences from international charts
Tax-driven account logic (e.g., non-deductible expenses tracked separately).
Detailed VAT and withholding tax accounts embedded in the chart.
Balance-sheet orientation aligned with tax audits rather than investor reporting.
3. Main Taxes and Tax Rates
What are the principal corporate taxes in Turkey?
| Tax | Standard Rate | Key Notes |
| Corporate Income Tax | 25% | Calculated on statutory profit adjusted for tax add-backs |
| Value Added Tax (VAT) | 1%, 10%, 20% | Standard rate: 20% |
| Withholding Tax | 0%–20% | Depends on income type |
| Stamp Duty | Up to 0.948% | Applies to contracts and agreements |
| Social Security Contributions | ~37.5% employer+employee | Calculated on gross salary |
Accounting treatment:
Taxes are generally recognized on an accrual basis, but deductibility is determined strictly by tax law.
4. Inventory Valuation
Which inventory valuation methods are permitted?
For statutory and tax purposes, the following are acceptable:
Weighted average
Moving average
FIFO
LIFO is not permitted.
Standard costing
Not acceptable for statutory or tax reporting
Allowed only for internal management and budgeting
Year-end inventories must be converted to actual cost for statutory books
5. Fixed Assets and Depreciation
How are fixed assets recognized and depreciated?
Recognition threshold:
Assets with useful lives exceeding one year are capitalized.
Depreciation methods
Useful lives
Determined primarily by tax legislation, not management judgment
Tax authorities publish depreciation tables by asset class
Important practical point:
Even companies reporting under IFRS or BOBİ FRS usually align depreciation with tax rules to avoid permanent differences.
6. Foreign Currency Accounting
How are foreign currency transactions treated?
Exchange differences
Recognized in profit or loss
Fully taxable or deductible
Unrealized FX gains are taxable at year-end
This makes FX exposure a direct cash-tax issue, not merely an accounting one.
7. Revenue Recognition
What principles apply to revenue recognition?
Under statutory rules:
Under TFRS / BOBİ FRS:
Tax authorities often prioritize invoice date and delivery documentation in audits.
8. Statutory Financial Statements
Which financial statements are required?
At a minimum:
Additional statements (depending on framework):
Statements must be prepared annually and retained for tax inspection.
9. Statutory Audit Requirements
When is statutory audit mandatory?
Companies exceeding two of the following three thresholds are generally subject to audit:
Total assets
Net sales revenue
Number of employees
Sector-specific rules apply to:
Financial institutions
Energy companies
Public interest entities
Auditing standards
- Audits are conducted under Turkish Auditing Standards, aligned with ISA.
What disclosures and documentation are required?
Disclosure requirements:
Related-party balances
Nature of transactions
Pricing principles
Transfer pricing documentation:
Turkey follows the OECD transfer pricing framework, with increasing audit scrutiny.
11. Tax Filing and Compliance Calendar
What are the main tax filings and frequencies?
| Obligation | Frequency |
| VAT Returns | Monthly |
| Withholding Tax Returns | Monthly |
| Social Security Filings | Monthly |
| Corporate Tax Prepayments | Quarterly |
| Annual Corporate Tax Return | Annually |
Late filings result in automatic penalties and interest, with limited discretion.
Final Considerations
Turkey’s accounting and tax system is technically robust but compliance-intensive. The primary risk for foreign companies is not tax rates, but:
Incorrect accounting framework selection
Misalignment between statutory books and group reporting
Underestimating tax-driven accounting adjustments
A properly designed accounting architecture at entry stage materially reduces audit risk and long-term compliance cost.
If you are evaluating market entry, restructuring your Turkish subsidiary, or aligning statutory accounting with IFRS group reporting, a tailored technical assessment is strongly recommended before incorporation or acquisition.
info@ozmconsultancy.com
